In the dry spring, when you take off sweaters, wool or nylon, polyester chemical fiber clothes, and pull up the quilt cover from the bed, you will hear a "cracking" sound, which can also be seen at night at the same time Flashing sparks. Not only that, when your fingers touch metal handles such as door handles, faucets, and chair backs, there will be an electric shock; there are also chemical fiber clothing walking on the carpet, and sometimes there is a needle-like touch inductance; chemical fiber factory workers in the textile chemical fiber At the same time, hand-touched spinning threads also have touch inductance, which are all common static phenomena in life.
Friction between two different objects can electrify, and even dry air rubbing against clothing can electrify. Friction of electricity can quickly flow and lose on conductive objects, while non-conductive insulators such as chemical fibers, woolen fabrics, etc. stand still and form static electricity, and gather together. When a certain voltage is reached, a discharge occurs. Phenomenon, sound and spark. In short, dry air, few water molecules and poor electrical conductivity are the conditions for generating static electricity. Static electricity has many hazards. For example, static electricity can interfere with automatic instruments and electronic components. Sparks generated by chemical fiber discharge in the chemical and textile sectors can detonate flammable gases (acetylene, etc.) and flammable liquid vapors (gasoline vapors, etc.). , Causing a fire; in the sky, the aircraft friction with the air, water vapor, dust and other electrification, can seriously dry the aircraft's radio communications and make the aircraft stray; in the pharmaceutical factory, electrostatic adsorption of dust makes the drug impure and affects the quality; in Aseptic and dust-free biochemical laboratories and hospitals, electrostatic adsorption of dust also has adverse effects. In printing plants, static electricity can make papers stick to each other, making it difficult to separate and cause printing difficulties. When watching TV, electrostatic adsorption on the screen A layer of dust and oil forms a dust film, which greatly reduces the clarity and brightness of TV images. In coal mines, static electricity can cause gas explosions, which can cause serious personal injury and death, and mine scrapping accidents.
According to tests, static electricity is also harmful to the human body to a certain extent. When the electrostatic voltage reaches 2,000 volts, the fingers will feel; sparks will appear when the voltage exceeds 3,000 volts, and the fingers will have a needle-like pain; when the voltage exceeds 7,000 volts, people will feel a shock. In daily life, the static voltage generated can sometimes reach tens of thousands of volts, but because the time of frictional electrification is very short, the amount of current generated is also very small, so it generally does not cause life danger to the human body. However, on medical operating tables, electrostatic sparks can cause an explosion of anesthetics, which can harm medical staff and patients, and must be paid attention to. In addition, a large amount of electrostatically adsorbed dust contains a variety of viruses, bacteria, and harmful substances, which are harmful to human health. Serious electrostatic phenomena can cause human skin to irritate spots, and can also make people feel upset, dizzy, chest tightness, and nasopharynx. Discomfort can even cause bronchitis, asthma, and arrhythmias.
Static electricity has many harms to people, but it also has many benefits. For example, people have used electrostatic technology in dust removal, printing, spraying, flocking, sorting, desalination of seawater, spraying pesticides, artificial rainfall, low temperature freezing, and spacecraft feeding. Industrial and agricultural production and life. The easiest way to eliminate static hazards is to introduce static electricity into the ground, such as using a wire to ground the equipment; install a discharge brush at the wing tip and tail of the aircraft, use ground tires and ground wires on the landing gear of the aircraft, etc .; In chemical production, storage, and transportation departments, the use of chemical fiber fabrics is strictly prohibited, and workers are strictly prohibited from wearing chemical fiber work clothes. In daily life, some simple measures can also be taken to eliminate static electricity, such as underwear, quilts, sheets, quilts, etc. It is better to use cotton fabrics, as far as possible without chemical fiber products; in the home interior, you can often spray water, spray humidification, etc. to eliminate static electricity.
